Processor Packaging
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Present time commonly used processor form factors are the pin grid array (PGA) processor packaging and the Single Edge Contact Cartridge (SECC).
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PGA processors plug directly into the motherboard using zero-insertion-force (ZIF) sockets.
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SECC cartridges are mounted into an integrated circuit board or “slot” on the motherboard.
Intel Processors
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MMX was introduced with the Pentium processor and consists of 57 processor instructions geared specifically toward the improvement of sound and video processing. Table A-10 lists additional characteristics of Intel processors.
|
Processor
|
Form Factor
|
Voltage
|
Speeds
|
L1 Cache (KB)
|
L2 Cache (KB)
|
Socket
|
|
Pentium
|
273- or 296-pin PGA
|
3.3 or 5
|
60–233 MHz
|
16
|
256–512 (On motherboard)
|
Socket 4, 5, or 7
|
|
Pentium Pro
|
387-pin PGA
|
3.1 or 3.3
|
150–200 MHz
|
16
|
256–1 MB (Integrated cache)
|
Socket 8
|
|
Pentium II
|
242-pin SEC
|
3.3
|
233–400 MHz
|
32
|
512 (Integrated cache)
|
Slot 1
|
|
Pentium III
|
242-pin SECC or 370-pin PGA
|
1.3–2.05
|
450 MHz– 1.3 GHz and higher
|
32
|
256–512 (Integrated cache)
|
Slot 1 or PGA 370
|
|
Celeron
|
SEPP or 370-pin PGA
|
1.3–2.05
|
Up to 2.2 GHz
|
16–32
|
0–512
|
Socket 370, Slot 1
|
|
Pentium 4
|
478-pin or 423-pin PGA
|
1.1–1.8
|
1.7–2.8 GHz
|
8
|
256–512
|
PGA 478 or PGA 423
|
|
Itanium
|
Slot M
|
1.7
|
733–800 MHz
|
32
|
96
|
Slot M
|
AMD Processors
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K6-II Are available in a variety of clock speeds up to 550 MHz. The K6-II provided support for 3DNow! and used a Socket7/Super7 motherboard interface. All K6-II processors use 3.3 volts.
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K6-III Offers 64-KB L1 cache and a full-speed 256-KB L2 cache. Designed to fit into a Socket7/Super7 motherboard, the K6-III supports a 100-MHz bus speed and comes with 3DNow! support.
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Duron The Duron processor is currently available in speeds up to 1.3 GHz. The Duron includes a 128-KB L1 cache and a 64-KB L2 cache, which is synchronized to the processor speed and supports 3DNow! and SIMD instruction sets, providing increased capabilities in graphic and audio applications.
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Athlon The Athlon utilizes Socket A motherboard connections. The Athlon has 128 KB of L1 cache and 256 KB of L2 cache, all of which runs at full CPU speed.
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AMD processors, all the way to the recent AMD K6-III, continue to utilize the original socket 7 form factor.
Cyrix Processors
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The 6x86-P Cyrix processors ranged from 120 to 200 MHz, and functioned at roughly the same speeds as the Pentium equivalents. Cyrix still makes a few lower-end CPUs such as the Cyrix M-II, which like the AMD processors, uses a socket 7 form factor. Another Cyrix processor, the VIA C3, uses a Socket 370 ZIF socket.
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